Melt 1 tablespoon of butter in a 10-inch skillet over medium-high heat. Add the garlic and cook for 30 seconds, until fragrant.
Add the shrimp and cook for 1 to 2 minutes per side, until they turn pink and opaque. Transfer the shrimp to a bowl and cover to keep warm.
Melt the remaining 1 tablespoon of butter in the same skillet. Add the zucchini noodles, season with black pepper, and cook for 3 to 4 minutes, tossing with tongs, until tender but still slightly firm.
Remove the skillet from the heat. Return the shrimp and garlic butter to the pan and toss to combine.
Squeeze fresh lemon over the top, sprinkle with Parmesan, and serve right away.
Notes
Dry the shrimp before cooking. Pat them with a paper towel so they sear instead of steam. Wet shrimp release water into the pan and turn rubbery.Salt the zucchini noodles only at the end. Salt draws water out of zucchini, so adding it early makes the noodles watery. Season after they come off the heat, or if you want to go further, salt the raw noodles in a colander first, press out the water, then cook them dry.Don't overcook the noodles. Zucchini noodles cook fast, so taste a strand as you go and pull them while they still have a little bite, or they turn to mush.Don't overcook the shrimp. Cook them just 1 to 2 minutes per side. Overcooked shrimp go dry and tough, and they keep cooking for a moment after they leave the pan.Have everything ready before you start. The dish comes together quickly, so mince the garlic, prep the noodles, and zest or cut the lemon before the pan goes on the heat.