Preheat the Oven: Heat your oven to 425°F (220°C).
Mix Dry Ingredients: In a medium-sized mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, salt, and baking soda.
Incorporate Butter: Cut the butter into small pieces. Use your fingers or a fork to work it into the flour mixture until it looks like coarse crumbs. Stir in the raisins.
Combine Wet Ingredients: In a small bowl, whisk the egg yolk and buttermilk together. Pour the mixture into the dry ingredients and stir with a spoon until just combined.
Form the Dough: Transfer the dough to a lightly floured surface. Knead gently and shape it into a 4-inch circle. If the dough is too sticky, add a little more flour. Avoid over-kneading to keep the bread tender.
Score the Dough: Use a serrated knife to score the top of the dough in an "X" shape about 1 ½ inches deep.
Bake: Place the dough on a baking sheet and bake for 35-40 minutes, or until the bread is golden brown. If the top browns too quickly, cover it with a sheet of aluminum foil.
Serve: Let the bread cool slightly, then serve warm or at room temperature.
Notes
Mix Thoroughly: Make sure the dry ingredients are well mixed before adding the buttermilk for even flavor and texture.Handle Gently: Avoid overworking the dough—it should look shaggy, not smooth. Minimal handling keeps the bread tender.Score the Top: Cut a deep "X" on top of the dough. This traditional step ensures even baking by allowing heat to reach the center.Check Early: Ovens can vary, so start checking the bread a few minutes before the baking time is up.